人體腸道的微生物就是健康的關鍵
腸道微生物可以被視為一個活躍的代謝器官,益生菌或益生質對調節腸道菌相越來越被認為是一種重要的治療選擇1。腸道微生物對整體健康相當重要,因為它支持了腸道2,3、免疫健康4,5、代謝6,7、以及可能影響腸腦軸8,9,10。腸道菌相對我們的健康作用就是如此之大,以至於它本身被廣泛認為是一個“器官”,一個似乎在免疫功能中發揮關鍵作用的“器官”。它可以幫助您發展和維持免疫系統的平衡 11,12,並有助於支持腸道屏障的完整性 13,14。
由於腸壁的粘膜組織為先天免疫的重要屏障,這些屏障可以顯著影響我們免疫功能的完整性1,且身體至少有70%的免疫細胞位於腸道中,這些細胞隱藏於覆蓋腸壁的細毛狀絨毛中。在一個健康的個體(健康的腸道環境)中,腸道菌會刺激免疫系統,而免疫系統也會反饋給腸道菌呈現正向溝通。然而現代生活的方式,過度使用抗生素和不良飲食導致腸道菌失衡,就會擾亂這些細胞之間的對話,導致溝通中斷15。如果腸壁的完整性受到損害,就會導致不健康的腸道環境,並允許較大的蛋白質分子穿過腸壁進入血液,在那裡它們被視為不應存在的“捕食者”,會刺激體內產生不當的免疫反應,此反應又稱為“過敏”反應。
益生菌可以通過多種方式幫助調節過敏症狀。益生菌有助於改善腸內壁的完整性,防止上皮壁細胞與細胞間有滲透的狀況。益生菌被認為有助於減輕及防止由病原體入侵而引起的發炎反應,且在癒合過程中可幫助提升分泌抗發炎因子來緩解症狀。
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