人体肠道的微生物就是健康的关键
肠道微生物可以被视为一个活跃的代谢器官,益生菌或益生质对调节肠道菌相越来越被认为是一种重要的治疗选择1。肠道微生物对整体健康相当重要,因为它支持了肠道2,3、免疫健康4,5、代谢6,7、以及可能影响肠脑轴8,9,10。肠道菌相对我们的健康作用就是如此之大,以至于它本身被广泛认为是一个“器官”,一个似乎在免疫功能中发挥关键作用的“器官”。它可以帮助您发展和维持免疫系统的平衡 11,12,并有助于支持肠道屏障的完整性 13,14。
由于肠壁的粘膜组织为先天免疫的重要屏障,这些屏障可以显著影响我们免疫功能的完整性1,且身体至少有70%的免疫细胞位于肠道中,这些细胞隐藏于覆盖肠壁的细毛状绒毛中。在一个健康的个体(健康的肠道环境)中,肠道菌会刺激免疫系统,而免疫系统也会反馈给肠道菌呈现正向沟通。然而现代生活的方式,过度使用抗生素和不良饮食导致肠道菌失衡,就会扰乱这些细胞之间的对话,导致沟通中断15。如果肠壁的完整性受到损害,就会导致不健康的肠道环境,并允许较大的蛋白质分子穿过肠壁进入血液,在那里它们被视为不应存在的“捕食者”,会刺激体内产生不当的免疫反应,此反应又称为“过敏”反应。
益生菌可以通过多种方式帮助调节过敏症状。益生菌有助于改善肠内壁的完整性,防止上皮壁细胞与细胞间有渗透的状况。益生菌被认为有助于减轻及防止由病原体入侵而引起的发炎反应,且在愈合过程中可帮助提升分泌抗发炎因子来缓解症状。
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